Filmy And Smelly Urine

Nanomedicine. 14/25. Disease and poverty in the Global South

"bag of tricks of nanotechnology, with inventing new molecules and manipulating existing course could marvel at its potential to improve health care ... nanotechnology may enable better early warning systems in the diagnosis of cancer and heart disease, cures for progressive diseases like cystic fibrosis, techniques for making implants like artificial hips more effective, even artificial kidneys. " "Barnaby J. Feder, "Doctors Use Nanotechnology to Improve Health Care", New York Times, November 1, 2004

Although nano-enabled medicine may provide benefits, it moves very fast in the absence of public debate to address economic and social impacts of long range.

Executive Summary This report examines the applications medical drugs, devices and nanotechnology-enabled diagnostic tools. What impact will the Nanomedicine in the pharmaceutical industry? Respond "nano-enabled medicine to the health needs of marginalized communities, especially in the global South? What role play? Medical applications of nano-scale technologies have the potential provide powerful new tools to detect, diagnose and treat disease at the molecular level. Nanotechnology enthusiasts argue that Nanomedicine will revolutionize health care.

developments include, for example:

• Nano-sensors that circulate within the body to monitor glucose levels, cholesterol or hormones. • Nano-gold shells are white in cancer cells, and that once identified the tumor cells can be destroyed with a laser is not invasive. • Nano-particles "smart" looking for a specific location within the human body and then accurately deliver a scheduled dose of medication.

• Luminescent Quantum dots that track a particular protein within a living cell.

• Nano-particles of silver to kill germs resistant to antibiotics. • Frames dimensional nano-structured to grow new tissue and organs.

Medical applications of nanotechnology may sound like science fiction, but they are a handful of drug-and nano-enabled devices are already here, and there are many more to come soon through technology of the minuscule. By mid 2006, 130 drugs and delivery systems, more than 125 devices or diagnostic tests, all based on nanotechnology have entered into a development phase preclinical, clinical or commercial.

The market for nano-enabled medicine (including supply of medicines, therapy and diagnostics) will jump from just over a billion dollars in 2005 to nearly ten billion dollars by 2010. Governments, not corporations, are those who take the lead in research and development in nanomedicine.

In the near future, the technologies that are intended to be used in the body-enabled by nanotechnology, erased any distinction between "therapy" and "improvement" and may alter, quite literally, the definition of what it means to be human. The industry and analysts predict that nanotechnology will increase profit margins, expand the range of intellectual property and discourage competition. New medical technologies are irrelevant to the poor if not made available or are unaffordable. Scientific innovation is useless if marginalized people lack access to technologies or existing treatment.
The researchers, funded by public funds and companies innovative nano-biotechnology, have become major players. Big Pharma remains on the margins, but the analysis predicts that will soon enter the game. Although nano-enabled medicine may provide benefits, it moves very fast in the absence of public debate to address economic and social impacts of long range. Some nanoscale products that you intend to use in the human body can be therapeutic, but there are still many unanswered questions regarding the impact of nanotechnology on health and the environment. Products incorporating nano-engineered materials could accidentally enter the body through the environment or food chain.

developments in nanomedicine could result in even healthy people when new nanoscale materials released into the environment can make people sick. No one is sure how to distinguish between benign nano and dangerous products and the emerging field of nanotoxicology is tinged with uncertainty.


technologies converging at the nanoscale (including biotechnology, neurotechnology and information technology) will reach far beyond the tiny devices to deliver drugs or diagnostic reagents at the cellular level, typical for sick people . The convergence technology make it possible, theoretically, alter the structure, function and capabilities of the
bodies and human brains. In the near future, the technologies that are intended to be used in the body-enabled by nanotechnology, erased any distinction between "therapy" and "improvement" and could alter the definition of what it means to be human.

Some argue that nanotechnology will help extend the range of human life far beyond a century ("eliminating premature death") and allow us to transfer information directly a nuestros cerebros. En última instancia, la amplia aceptación de las ecnologías de mejoramiento del desempeño humano —suponiendo que funcionen según su diseño— crearán una brecha basada en las “habilidades”, entre quienes pueden pagarlas y quienes no pueden (o aquéllos que decidan resistirse a ellas).

Se proclama que las tecnologías nanoescalares son las herramientas tecnológicas que nos ayudarán a lograr los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio: los objetivos de Naciones Unidas para promover el desarrollo humano e impulsar la sustentatibilidad social y económica en el Sur global.1 Sin embargo, las innovaciones de la medicina nanológica Northern emerge and are designed primarily for OECD markets.

New nanoscale technology interventions that we now offer our bodies

claim will be stronger, more skilled, more durable. The core interventions that lead to improvements in housing and health, access to clean water and education, for example, may ultimately lead to major improvements in human health-edge medical technologies. But it is not unique. Emphasize medical solutions diverts attention and resources were channeled to non-medical aspects such as health and welfare Community.

drugs and nanotechnology-enabled devices will play a role in ensuring and lavigencia extend monopoly patents covering medicinal compounds and older drugs are not as effective. The industry and analysts predict that nanotechnology will increase profit margins, expand the range of intellectual property and discourage competencia.2 is quite possible that the companies engaged in business "as usual" medical innovations of nanotechnology further concentrate the power of the pharmaceutical industry and are not relevant enough to meet the health needs and poverty of marginalized communities.

The development of nano-enabled medicine (and its potential to meet global health needs) should be considered in a political context and social context. The global health crisis arises not from the absence of a medical technology or a lack of innovation. Despite decades of stunning advances in the ability to save or extend lives through technology, a third of the world's population can not stably access to medicines esenciales.3 There are parts of Africa and Asia this figure rises to more half of the population. According to published reports in 1988 and 2004 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people without access to essential medicines remained fixed during the period of 16 years between the report and report. New medical technologies are irrelevant to the poor if not made available or are unaffordable. Scientific innovation is useless if marginalized people lack access to technologies or existing treatments.

In the current political and social context, a significant investment in research and development of Nanomedicine may not be the right prescription to address human health needs, especially in the global South. History shows that new technologies do not solve the complex problems rooted in social inequities and poverty. Since the beginning of the century, life expectancy fell in 38 countries around the world. Even in North America and Europe, where mortality rates decreased in a stable manner throughout the twentieth century, studies show that these declines were largely independent of medical interventions and should be attributed more correctly, to improve in nutrition and hygiene. The nano-enabled drugs and zeal in promoting the refinement of performance technologies threaten to remove the essential health needs of scarce research funds and development of medicine.