Tuesday, March 6, 2007

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Nanomedicine. 17/25. Malaria Vs



nanotechnology enthusiasts have high hopes that provide especially effective treatments to combat disease and illness. The reason is simple: nanotechnology operates on the same scale biology. A DNA molecule is about 2.5 nm wide and hemoglobin (blood protein that is responsible for transporting oxygen) is about 5 nm in diameter. Human cells are much larger, in the order of 10-20 microns in diameter (10,000 to 20,000 nanometers) - which means that materials and nanoscale devices can easily penetrate in almost all cells without triggering immune response alguna.21

The expectation is that can be designed particles, nanoscale materials and devices that interact with biological materials in a more direct, efficient and even more accurate. And because of its diminutive size will be able to access areas of the body, such as brain cells or individuals, who have been very difficult to achieve with current technologies. For example, the National Cancer Institute U.S. government says that nanotechnology promises "access to the interior of the living cell [which] provides the opportunity for unprecedented benefits to reach new frontiers in basic research and clínica.22 Having the ability to insert probes nanoscale in particular cells increase the understanding of the complex modes of operation of the cells and allow early detection of aberrant cells that point to a state enfermo.23
exploit quantum effects addition, some nanoscale materials designed as biomedical applications show unusual properties that increase its functionality. Substances under the range near 100 nm may behave differently than larger particles of the same substance. Nanoscale materials may differ from the versions in force micro or macro, color, elasticity and / or toxicity, may be able to conduct electricity more efficiently or may be more chemically reactive. The optical, electrical or structural that are specific to the nanometer scale are known as "quantum effects." Moreover, the quantum properties of a substance can change in the nanoscale range. Gold Nanoparticles are inert, for example, while other gold nanoparticles of different sizes are reactive.




The form is also important.
is possible that a 20 nm spherical nanoparticles of a specific substance is not toxic to cells, while a 60 nm particle in the form of bar of the same substance, produces a
while a 60 nm particle in the form of bar of the same substance, produces a cytotoxic effect toxic to cells.) Currently there are no models that can predict the quantum effects, so hat the project is to characterize specific nanomaterials -In an attempt to understand their physical attributes, their biological properties in vitro and in vivo compatibility (using animals first) .24 The task of completely apear new world of nanoscale materials is overwhelming, if not impossible, if one takes into account all possible variations of substance, size, shape and surface structure.



increase bioavailability

(The words in bold in the text are defined in the glossary) However, not all medical applications of nanotechnology exploit quantum effects. A drug that takes the form of a particle of 400 nm can be more effective than its 2 micron because it has more biological availability *, ie that the body uses it, or it may be able to have direct access to a tumor, for example, and is not likely to exhibit nanoscale properties, unique. In general, only the substances below 100 nm (at least one dimension) can exhibit quantum effects, although there are individual cases, as with polymers that are reinforced with nanoparticles forming links between the two materials, where special properties are displayed in sizes larger than 100 nm.25
latest vision is to combine drugs nano-formulated with a targeted drug delivery based on personalized medicine "approach to health management that is based on considering the patient's genetic profile to discover their individual predispositions to particular diseases or their level of responsiveness to specific drugs. In the future, according to this view, treatment may be nanotechnology-enabled multifunction devices capable of detecting and identifying specific diseases at the cellular level and at the right time, providing the right drug at the right dose, tailoring treatment according to individual patient with information in real time, thereby assessing the state
enfermedad.26 the


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